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1 Hurter, Ferdinand
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 March 1844 Schaffhausen, Switzerlandd. 5 March 1898[br]Swiss chemist who, with Vero Charles Driffield, established the basis of modern sensitometry in England.[br]Ferdinand Hurter worked for three years as a dyer's apprentice before entering the Polytechnic in Zurich; he transferred to Heidelberg, where he graduated in 1866. A year later he secured an appointment as a chemist for the British alkali manufacturing company, Gaskell, Deacon \& Co. of Widnes, Cheshire. In 1871 he was joined at the company by the young engineer Vero Charles Driffield, who was to become his co-worker. Driffield had worked for a professional photographer before beginning his engineering apprenticeship and it was in 1876, when Hurter sought to draw on this experience, that the partnership began. At this time the speed of the new gelatine halide dry plates was expressed in terms of the speed of a wet-collodion plate, an almost worthless concept as the speed of a collodion plate was itself variable. Hurter and Driffield sought to place the study of photographic emulsions on a more scientific basis. They constructed an actinometer to measure the intensity of sunlight and in 1890 published the first of a series of papers on the sensitivity of photographic plates. They suggested methods of exposing a plate to lights of known intensities and measuring the densities obtained on development. They were able to plot curves based on density and exposure which became known as the H \& D curve. Hurter and Driffield's work allowed them to express the characteristics of an emulsion with a nomenclature which was soon adopted by British plate manufacturers. From the 1890s onwards most British-made plates were identified with H \& D ratings. Hurter and Driffield's partnership was ended by the former's death in 1898.[br]Further ReadingW.B.Ferguson (ed.), 1920, The Photographic Researches of Ferdinand Hurter \& Vero C. Driffield, London: Royal Photographic Society reprinted in facsimile, with a new introd. by W.Clark, 1974, New York (a memorial volume; the most complete account of Hurter and Driffield's work, includes a reprint of all their published papers).JW -
2 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
См. также в других словарях:
Ferdinand Hurter — Ferdinand Hurter. Photographie prise par son collègue de recherche, Vero Charles Driffield Naissance 15 mars 1844 Schaffhouse (Suisse) Décès 1 … Wikipédia en Français
Ferdinand Hurter — (* 16. März 1844 in Schaffhausen; † 5. März 1898 in Widnes[1]) war ein Schweizer Chemiker und Fotografietheoretiker. Leben Hurters Elte … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ferdinand Hurter — Infobox Scientist name = Ferdinand Hurter image width = caption = Ferdinand Hurter. Photograph taken by his colleague in photographic research, Vero Charles Driffield birth date = 15 March 1844 birth place = Schaffhausen, Switzerland death date … Wikipedia
Hurter — • Several members of this family detailed Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Hurter Hurter † … Catholic encyclopedia
Hurter — ist der Name von Ferdinand Hurter (1844–1898), Schweizer Chemiker und Fotografietheoretiker Friedrich Emanuel von Hurter (1787 1865), schweizerisch österreichischer Historiker Hugo Hurter (ab 1852 Hugo von Hurter Ammann; 1832–1914), Schweizer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hurter and Driffield — Ferdinand Hurter (1844–1898) and Vero Charles Driffield (1848–1915) were nineteenth century photographic scientists who brought quantitative scientific practice to photography through the methods of sensitometry and densitometry. Among their… … Wikipedia
Hurter & Driffield — Ferdinand Hurter (* 16. März 1844 in Schaffhausen; † 5. März 1898 in Widnes[1]) und Vero Charles Driffield (1848–1915) waren Wissenschaftler des 19. Jahrhunderts auf dem Gebiet der Photographie. Sie untersuchten die Fotografie quantitativ und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ferdinand [1] — Ferdinand, deutscher männlicher Vorname, wahrscheinlich eigentlich Fernand od. Werinand, der Waffenkühne. Merkwürdig sind I. Regierende Fürsten: A) Kaiser: a) Deutsche Kaiser u. Könige: 1) F. I., Sohn Philipps I. von Castilien, jüngerer Bruder… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Ferdinand II — • Emperor, eldest son of Archduke Karl and the Bavarian Princess Maria, b. 1578; d. 15 February, 1637 Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Ferdinand II Ferdinand II … Catholic encyclopedia
Ferdinand — (span. Fernando, Hernando, althochd. Herinand, der »Heerkühne«), Name zahlreicher Fürsten und fürstlicher Personen. Übersicht nach den Ländern. Deutsche Kaiser 1–3. Anhalt 4. (Aragonien, s. Spanien 30.31.) Bayern 5. (Böhmen, s. Österreich 16.)… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Hurter — Hurter, Friedrich Emanuel v. H., geb. 19. März 1787 in Schaffhausen, studirte seit 1804 Theologie in Göttingen u. wurde Antistes u. Dekan in Schaffhausen; sein vertrautes Verhältniß mit eifrigen Ultramentanen, wie Görres u. Jarke, die… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
